Table 1 Baseline characteristics and mortality of cohort

Demographics

Age (years)

64.2±3.7

64.3±10.9

69.6±10.7

72.5±8.1

<.01^a

Male, %

26.1

35.8

99.2

99.2

<.01^b

BMI, mg/kg²

32.1±9.3

27.8±6.1

29.2 ± 5.7

26.9±6.0

<.01^c

Exposures

Coal, %

--

--

100

100

Coal-mine work duration (years)

--

--

30.9±9.6

29.1±10.1

.15

Underground work, %

--

--

37.9

26.8

<.01^b

Silica, %

8.7

7.4

20.9

19.7

<.01^b

Asbestos, %

2.2

5.4

11.3

13.4

.02

Smoking behavior

Current smoker, %

--

43.2

--

21.8

<.01^b

Former smoker, %

--

56.8

--

78.2

<.01^b

Years since quitting smoking

--

16.4±15.6

--

25.0±15.7

<.01^b

Cigarettes per day

--

18.4±6.8

--

21.8 ±10.0

<.01^b

Duration of smoking (years)

--

32.0±12.2

--

30.3 ± 16.2

.26

Composite pack years

--

27.9±12.0

--

34.6±25.8

<.01^b

Comorbidities, %

COPD

15.2

52.0

38.7

70.2

<.01^b

Hypertension

63.0

68.2

65.3

70.6

.65

Hyperlipidemia

47.8

59.5

55.6

64.7

.11

CVA

4.3

10.1

10.5

8.8

.63

PAD

0

9.5

3.2

3.8

.01^b

CHF

4.3

6.8

11.3

16.4

.01^b

CAD

17.4

33.1

41.1

47.9

<.01^b

Afib

8.7

10.8

15.3

22.7

<.01^b

VTE

13.0

13.5

6.4

10.9

.28

Diabetes

30.4

27.0

30.6

28.6

.92

OSA

8.7

12.2

20.2

18.9

.10

CKD

8.7

6.8

7.3

11.3

.39

GERD

30.4

44.6

41.1

47.1

.19

Mood disorders

17.4

37.2

16.9

18.1

<.01^b

Pain disorder

23.9

36.5

12.1

10.1

<.01^b

Hypothyroidism

30.4

20.9

17.7

13.4

.02

Liver dysfunction

4.3

3.4

4.8

5.5

.82

Home O2 use

2.2

11.5

37.9

59.2

<.01^b

Mortality

4.3

20.3

13.7

29.0

<.01^b