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Table 4 Annual rate of decline in lung function in participants with pre-bronchodilator preserved spirometry grouping by lung function results*

From: Lung function decline and incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in participants with spirometry-defined small airway dysfunction: a 15-year prospective cohort study in China

Variable

Pre-BD Non-obstructive SAD

(N = 284)

Pre-BD PRISm

(N = 726)

Pre-BD

Healthy Control

(N = 2825)

Pre-BD PRISm vs. Pre-BD Healthy Control

Pre-BD Non-obstructive SAD vs. Pre-BD Healthy Control

Unadjusted

Adjusted

Unadjusted

Adjusted

Mean Difference

(95% CI)

P Value

Mean Difference

(95% CI) †

P Value †

Mean Difference

(95% CI)

P Value

Mean Difference

(95% CI) †

P Value †

Pre-BD lung function

 FEV1 (ml/year)

26.6 ± 2.6

12.6 ± 1.5

30.0 ± 0.8

−17.4 (−20.7 to −14.1)

 < 0.001

−17.4 (−20.4 to −14.3)

 < 0.001

−3.4 (−8.7 to 1.8)

0.198

−4.5 (−9.1 to 0.1)

0.056

 FEV1  of predicted value (%/year)

0.18 ± 0.11

−0.20 ± 0.07

0.28 ± 0.03

−0.47 (−0.62 to −0.33)

 < 0.001

−0.46 (−0.59 to −0.33)

 < 0.001

−0.10 (−0.33 to 0.12)

0.374

−0.17 (−0.37 to 0.03)

0.102

 FEV1 Z-score

0.015 ± 0.010

0.023 ± 0.003

−0.025 ± 0.006

−0.048 (−0.062 to −0.035)

 < 0.001

−0.049 (−0.061 to −0.036)

 < 0.001

−0.009 (−0.030 to 0.013)

0.0420

−0.016 (−0.035 to 0.003)

0.108

 FVC (ml/year)

23.1 ± 3.7

3.4 ± 2.2

18.5 ± 1.1

−15.1 (−19.8 to 10.4)

 < 0.001

−14.6 (−18.8 to −10.3)

 < 0.001

4.6 (−2.9 to 12.5)

0.231

6.2 (0.3 to 12.6)

0.060

 FVC of predicted value (%/year)

0.08 ± 0.12

−0.41 ± 0.07

−0.05 ± 0.04

−0.36 (0.52 to 0.20)

 < 0.001

−0.32 (−0.47 to −0.17)

 < 0.001

0.14 (0.11 to 0.39)

0.278

0.17 (−0.05 to 0.40)

0.137

 FVC Z-score

−0.008 ± 0.003

−0.043 ± 0.006

0.011 ± 0.010

−0.035 (−0.047 to −0.023)

 < 0.001

−0.037 (−0.052 to 0.023)

 < 0.001

0.019 (0.001 to 0.040)

0.069

0.016 (−0.006 to 0.038)

0.148

  1. Plus–minus values are means ± standard error
  2. BD = bronchodilator; SAD = small airway dysfunction; CI = confidence interval; FEV1 = forced expiratory volume in one second; FVC = forced vital capacity; MMEF = maximal mid-expiratory flow; FEF50 = forced expiratory flow 50%; FEF75 = forced expiratory flow 75%
  3. * A random-effects model was adopted to evaluate the annual decline in lung function
  4. † Adjusted by age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, smoking index, family history of respiratory diseases, biomass exposure, occupational exposure history, and individual pre-bronchodilator spirometric values at baseline (FEV1, FEV1 of predicted value, FEV1 Z-score FVC, and FVC of predicted value, and FVC Z-score)
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Respiratory Research

ISSN: 1465-993X

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