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Table 1 Characteristics of the total study cohort, and divided by HFNO and COT

From: High-flow nasal oxygen vs. conventional oxygen therapy in patients with COVID-19 related acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and a do not intubate order: a multicentre cohort study

 

All patients (n = 218)

HFNO (n = 110)

COT (n = 108)

p-value*

Demographics at hospital admission

    

 Age (years)

78 [72–83]

75 [69–80]

80 [75–85]

<0.001

 Sex (male, n (%))

135 (62)

69 (63)

66 (61)

0.92

 Body Mass Index (kg/m2)

27 [24–31]

28 [24–32]

26 [24–29]

0.15

Charlson Comorbidity Index (n (%))

   

0.11

 0

19 (9)

14 (13)

5 (5)

 

 1

75 (34)

36 (33)

39 (36)

 

 ≥2

124 (57)

60 (55)

64 (59)

 

Clinical Frailty Scale (n (%))

   

<0.001

 Fit (1–3)

47 (22)

37 (34)

10 (9)

 

 Vulnerable (4–5)

101 (46)

41 (37)

60 (56)

 

 Frail (6–9)

70 (32)

32 (29)

38 (35)

 

Laboratory at hospital admission

    

 CRP (mg/mL)

94 [48–148]

90 [49–141]

95 [46–154]

0.73

 Urea (mmol/L)

9.2 [6.6–12.3]

8.6 [6.2–11.6]

9.7 [7.5–12.8]

0.02

 Platelet count (109/L)

175 [129–231]

177 [130–232]

169 [131–228]

0.98

 Lymphocyte count (109/L)

0.70 [0.54–0.90]

0.70 [0.50–0.90]

0.80 [0.60–1.00]

0.02

Treatment during hospital admission

    

 Dexamethasone (n (%))

190 (87)

106 (96)

84 (78)

<0.001

 Interleukin-6 receptor blockers (n (%))

30 (14)

23 (21)

7 (7)

0.004

Prior to start HFNO or COT at ≥ 6 L/min

    

 Hours from hospital admission

46.1 [3.8–103.1]

53.3 [7.4–126.2]

35.3 [1.2–90.8]

0.02

 Respiratory rate (breaths/minute)

28 [22–32]

28 [23–32]

28 [22–32]

0.55

 SpO2 (%)

93 [90–95]

92 [89–94]

94 [93–95]

<0.001

 FiO2

0.60 [0.40–0.66]

0.66 [0.60–0.66]

0.40 [0.39–0.66]

<0.001

FiO2 categories (n (%))‡

   

<0.001

 2

84 (39)

18 (16)

66 (61)

 

 3

34 (16)

20 (18)

14 (13)

 

 4

100 (46)

72 (66)

28 (26)

 

S/F ratio

152 [141–233]

144 [136–155]

231 [150–238]

<0.001

ROX index

6.4 [4.8–8.6]

5.4 [4.4–6.9]

7.7 [5.4–10.0]

<0.001

Prior to start HFNO or COT at maximal level

    

 Hours from hospital admission

60.3 [15.4–124.5]

53.3 [7.4–126.2]

64.7 [23.8–122.3]

0.20

 Respiratory rate (breaths/minute)

28 [22–32]

28 [23–32]

26 [22–32]

0.42

 SpO2 (%)

94 [90–96]

92 [89–94]

95 [93–97]

<0.001

 FiO2

0.66 [0.60–0.66]

0.66 [0.60–0.66]

0.66 [0.60–0.66]

0.13

FiO2 categories (n (%))‡

   

0.13

 2

26 (12)

18 (16)

8 (7)

 

 3

42 (19)

20 (18)

22 (20)

 

 4

150 (69)

72 (66)

78 (73)

 

S/F ratio

145 [139–154]

144 [136–155]

145 [142–152]

0.13

ROX index

5.5 [4.6–7.0]

5.4 [4.4–6.9]

5.6 [4.7–7.1]

0.50

Outcomes

    

 In-hospital mortality (n (%))

147 (67)

70 (64)

77 (71)

0.29

Hospital length of stay [median, IQR]

    

 All

9 [5–16]

11 [6–18]

7 [4–12]

0.001

 Survivors

15 [10–21

18 [11–23]

13 [8–18]

 

 Non-survivors

6 [4–11]

8 [4–14]

6 [3–10]

 
  1. Data presented as median [interquartile ranges], unless denoted otherwise
  2. *Using Mann–Whitney U-test for continuous variables and Chi-square test for categorical variables
  3. ‡FiO2 divided into three categories: group 0) room air, group 1) nasal oxygen 1–6 L/min or air-entrainment mask 10 L/min, group 2) air-entrainment mask 15 L/min or non-rebreathing mask 10 L/min and group 3) non-rebreathing mask 15 L/min
  4. COT conventional oxygen therapy, CRP C-reactive protein, FiO2 fraction of inspired oxygen, HFNO high-flow nasal oxygen, IQR interquartile range, L litres, min minute, N number, ROX index respiratory oxygenation index (SpO2/FiO2/respiratory rate), SpO2 oxygen saturation, S/F ratio SpO2/FiO2 ratio
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Respiratory Research

ISSN: 1465-993X

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